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Effect of Mild Steel Buried in Crude Oil polluted Soils on the Growth response of two maize (Zea Mays L.) Varieties
1Onwugbuta, G. C. and 2Orji, O. A.
1Department of Biochemistry/ Chemistry Technology, School of ScienceLaboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt
2Department of Crop/Soil Science, Rivers State University, Nkpolu, Port Harcourt
Corresponding Author: Orji, O.A.
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 12, Issue 1 Ver. I (January 2019), PP 10-16
Abstract:
This study reveals the effect of 300g of mild steel buried in different levels of crude oil( 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160ml ) polluted soils (3kg) on the growth response of two maize (ZeaMays L.) varieties. The plant height, leaf length, and leaf number were measured. There was a gradual increase in the growth parameters with age in soils with low levels (0, and 40ml) of treatment. The higher the treatment levels, the higher the corrosion of mild steel, and the higher the iron content in the soil. There was higher chlorosis and reduction in leaf size in the 160ml crude oil treatment in the white maize compared with the yellow maize. This could be as a result of the penetration of oil into the plant tissues and highly corroded and dissolved iron in the soil matrix. It was therefore, concluded that crude oil/ iron stress affected the growth of the maize plant varieties. However, the yellow maize variety showed higher degree of tolerance than the white maize variety in the three soils studied. It was also established that soils of the Coastal Plain Sands had higher resistance to metal corrosion and dissolution than those of the Sombriero Warri and Meander Belt Deposits
Physical Properties, Potentials And Vulnerability Of The Soils Of Sombreiro Warri Deltaic Plain, Nigeria
Kamalu O. J1. and Orji O. A.2
1Crop and Soil Science Department, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt P.M.B.5323 Port Harcourt
2Crop/Soil Science Department, Rivers State University Nkpolu-Oruworukwo, Port Harcourt
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 11, Issue 3 Ver. II (March 2018), PP 01-11
Abstract:
This paper evaluates the potentials and vulnerability of the Sombreiro Warri Deltaic Plain soils using physical properties. A total of 52 genetic horizon soil samples were studied in twelve soil profiles located in Akabuka, Obite, Obagi, Omoku, Okwuzi, Aggah and Umuoru-Ndoni areas. The soils have predominantly Loamy sand and sandy loam textures on the surface (about 80% of all the studied locations). Sand content had a range of 220 – 850g/kg with a mean of 515g/kg. Clay content in the area varied from 140 – 580g/kg, with a very gradual increase with depth in few pedons. The highest clay content was observed in the Umuoru / Ndoni 2 profile where clay had a range of 470 – 580g/kg followed by Umuoru/Ndoni 1 profile with a range of 210 – 270g/kg and a mean of 245g/kg. The range in particle density for the soils was 2.10 – 2.66gcm-3. The highest profile mean particle densities were 2.53, 2.50 and 2.43gcm-3 for Umuoru/Ndoni 2, Aggah 2 and Umuoru 1 respectively while the lowest mean values were Obite 1 (2.33), Akabuka 2 (2.33) and Obagi 1 (2.30gcm-3). About 50% of the soils had their particle density between 2.35 and 2.46gcm-3. The lowest mean values for different pedons were obtained in Umuoro/Ndoni, Obiafu and Aggah pedons with 1.38, 1.42, 1.43 and 1.44gcm-3 respectively while the highest relatively higher values of 1.61, 1.62 and 1.64gcm-3 were obtained in Obite 1, Obagi 1 and Obagi pedons respectively. Surface horizons generally had lower bulk density values in most of the pedons. Aggregation in macro aggregate fraction was high in Obagi II, Omoku 1 and Okwuzi. Aggregate stability was low with Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) of water stable aggregates of 1.64, 1.36, and 1.23mm for Obagi II, Omoku 1 and Okwuzi respectively. Topsoil and subsoil permeability were very slow ranging from 4.92cmhr-1 to 14.18cmhr-1. Mean soil permeability in the profiles were 4.81, 1.28, 8.66, 1.29 and 0.65cmhr-1 for Obite 1, Obrikom, Obagi 2 and Obuburu, respectively.
Keywords: Soil permeability, macro-porosity, Water stable aggregates, Water holding capacity, Soil Vulnerability
Effect of Mild Steel Buried in Crude Oil Polluted Soils on the Iron Content of Two Maize (Zea Mays L.) Varieties
1ORJI, O. A. and 2Onwugbuta
1Department of Crop/Soil Science, Rivers State University, Nkpolu, Port Harcourt
2Department of Biochemistry/ Chemistry Technology, School of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt
Corresponding Author: ORJI, O. A
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399.Volume 12, Issue 12 Ver. I (December. 2018), PP 85-88
Abstract:
Surface soils were collected two weeks before planting and two weeks after harvest and analyzed for some physico-chemical properties. The soil samples were collected from the root area of plants where the leaf samples were obtained. Leaf samples were also taken from two varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) plants during the stem development (at the 9th week of planting) and both were analyzed for Fe content. Correlation analysis between Fe contents of soil before and after planting and Fe contents of leaf during heading was performed to determine the relationship among the variables. The iron contents of the soil samples before planting ranged between 1.27 and 6.50 mg/kg, while the iron contents of soils after harvest ranged between 0.98 and 5.03mg/kg. However, iron contents of the leaf samples ranged from 14.88 to 96.01mg/kg. The correlation between iron contents of soil before planting and after harvest and iron contents of leaves showed a significant effect at the 0.01 level according to statistical analysis. This implies that there was direct relationship between iron contents of leaves and the soil samples analyzed.
Spatial Variability of Some Soil Physical Properties of an Alfisol
MBONU, O. A. (2003). Spatial Variability of Some Soil vol.11:42-46.Physical Properties of an Alfisol. Afri. J. of Agric. Res., vol. 1(1&2):77-82.
Abstract:
The spatial variability of some soil physical properties of a loamy sand alfisol in Ibadan (3°61E and 6°81 N) in the northernmost part of the rainforest zone of Nigeria, was evaluated. Undisturbed soil samples were taken at 3m apart and at 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-60cm depths, for determination of bulk density, macro porosity, total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity and moisture characteristics. Disturbed samples were also collected from the same points for particle size analysis. Correlation coefficient(r) arid regression equations were detem7ined for some properties Coefficients of variability (CV) ranged between 0.3 and 3.7, 0.8 and 8.0, 4.5 and 33.0, 0.9 and 3.4, 0.58 and 6.8 and 19.6 end 34.6% for sand ,clay and silt contents, bulk density, total porosity and saturated hydraullic conductivity respectively. The CV for moisture contents increased with decreasing moisture potentials. There were very low correlation coefficient (r) values between saturated hydraullic conductivities and macro potosity (r=0.14) and total porosity (r = 0.32).
Infitrability as affected by topsoil Removal
MBONU, O. A. and BABALOLA, O. (2003). Water Infitrability as affected by topsoil Removal. Afri. J. of Agric. Res., vol. 1(1&2):53-56.
Abstract:
Water infiltrability of an alfisol in the semi humid tropics, as affected by different levels of desurfacing, were investigated using the double ring infiltrometer. Both the initial and equilibrium infiltration rates (IR) varied with level of desurfacing. There were no significant differences between the IR of the control and the -2cm depth of desurfacing (<0.05). The initial and equilibrium IR for the -5 and -15cm desurfacing differed significantly from the control. The initial IR was in the order 28 > 10 > 9 > 8 cmhr-1 for -10, -5, 0 and -2cm depths of desurfacing respectively, while the equilibrium IR was in the order was 9.5 > 5.6 > 3.3 > 2.9 cm for -10, -5, 0 and -2 cm depths of desurfacing respectively. The higher infiltration rates of the -5 and -10 depth of desurfacing suggests that the decrease in IR as a result of desurfacing by erosion, as reported by previous works, may not primarily be as a result of surface soil removal but the subsequent crusting sealing of the soil pores with the impact of rain drops. The equilibrium IR highly correlated with physical properties of the soil, with correlation coefficient values (r) ranging from 0.79 to 0.89. The equilibrium IR was multi-regressed with some of the physical properties as follows:
Y = 2.38.85 – 26X1 – 3.8X2 – 0.2X3 + 0.1X4 – 0.08X5, where X1 = % sand, X2 = % silt, X3 = % clay, X4 = saturated hydraulic conductivity and X5 = total porosity.