Forms and Status of Phosphorus in Soils Derived from Varying Parent Materials in Cross River State, Nigeria.
O.A.Orji1 and P.O Abam2
1Crop and Soil Science Department, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt P.M.B.5323 Port Harcourt
2Crop/Soil Science Department, Rivers State University Nkpolu-Oruworukwo, Port Harcourt
Corresponding Author: O.A.Orji
Abstract:
The forms and status of Phosphorus in soils derived from varied parent materials in Cross River State were examined. The study involved soil sampling at 0-15cm depth from five locations representative of soils formed from coastal plain sand (CPS), shale (SH), basement complex rocks (BCR) sandstone (SS) and basaltic rocks (BAR). The soils were analyzed for the various forms of P and routine soil properties using standard procedures. The results obtained indicated that total P varied widely due to the nature of parent materials and ranged from mean value of 76.8mg/kg in sandstone to mean value of 290.9mg/kg in shale with the order of relationship being SH > BAR > BCR > CPS >SS. Organic–P varied widely ranging from mean value of 22. 8 mg/kg in sandstone to 99.7mg/kg in shale and in the order SS < CPS < BCR <BAR < SH. The relative abundance of the active P forms were in the order of Fe–P > Al–P > Ca–P in all the soils except those formed from shale where Ca–P was more abundant. Same trend in distribution was observed for total active and total inorganic–P forms being in the order SS < CPS < BCR < BAR < SH. Available P extracted by the two methods correlated strongly with the other P forms. Bray P–2 method removed larger amount of P than Bray P-1 and the soils varied remarkable in their available P contents. Available P indices of 8mg/kg (Bray-1) and 15mg/kg (Bray–2) showed that soils derived from shale and basaltic rocks were high and well endowed with Plant available P whereas the soils formed on coastal plain sand, basement complex rocks and sandstones were relatively low and deficient in P content and would certainly require P fertilization for optimum crop production. The levels of P in these soils informed the need for proper understanding of the various forms of P to enhance soil P management and judicious fertilizer Usage.
Keywords: Phosphorus forms, Soils, Parent materials, Cross River State, Nigeria.
Morphological and Physico-Chemical Properties of Soils Formed from Diverse Parent Materials in Cross River State, Nigeria.
P.O Abam1 and O.A.Orji2
1Crop and Soil Science Department, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt P.M.B.5323 Port Harcourt
2Crop/Soil Science Department, Rivers State University Nkpolu-Oruworukwo, Port Harcourt
Corresponding author: Orji, O. A.
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) e-ISSN: 2321–0990, p-ISSN: 2321–0982.Volume 7, Issue 1 Ver. I (Jan. – Feb. 2019), PP 01-07
Abstract:
Morphological features and Physico-Chemical Properties of twenty surface soils derived from five varied parent materials in Cross Rivers Sate, Nigeria were evaluated in relation to probable constraints to increase crop yields. Four replicate soil samples were collected from the top 15cm depth of each parent material for laboratory analyses using standard methods. Results showed that the colour notations, structure and texture of the soils were similar within Same Parent materials but varied widely across the locations. The particle size distribution showed that shale derived soils are finer in texture than those of other parent materials. Chemically, the soils are low in Plant nutrient elements and the reaction is acidic with pH values ranging from 4.1 to 5.8 units. Results also showed that shale and basaltic rock derived soils are more endowed with organic carbon, total nitrogen and exchangeable bases than the soils derived from coastal plain sand, basement complex rocks and sandstone. There was positive and highly significant correlation among the soil properties. In order to improve the productive capacity of these soils to obtain high cropyields, remedial measures aimed at correcting the deficiencies will include liming to increase pH levels to near neutral and providing optimal levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and basic cations through organic manure combine with inorganic fertilization.
Keywords: morphology, physico-chemical Properties, soils, plant materials.
Assesement of Some Heavy Metals in Soils and Plants Growth in Dumpsites
*Orji, O. A2 , Edosa, I. V. O.1, Ogbemudia, I.1, Omokaro, S. O1, Elenwo C. E2.
1Department of Soil Science and Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
2 Department of crop/soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rivers State University, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author: Orji, O.A..
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399.Volume 12, Issue 3 Ver. III (March. 2018), PP 17-23
Abstract:
This study was carried out to assess the heavy metal content (zinc, lead, chromium, cadmium and nickel) on soils and plants of dumpsites at Oluku, Iguomo and Ikhueniro in Benin City, Edo State. Soil samples were randomly collected from two depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) from the dumpsite and control areas. Plant samples (Talinium triangulare) were also collected randomly from the dumpsite and control areas. Analysis of the soil and plant samples showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in heavy metal contents (especially zinc) between the control sites and the dumpsites. It was observed that the pollution index of the dumpsite soils were not high (<1) to readily cause harm. Although the transfer factor for zinc was >1 in the control and dumpsite areas, the other metals remained at <1 with the exception of cadmium which was >1 at the Iguomo dumpsite area.
Keywords: dumpsites, heavy metals, pollution, wastes.
Effect of Mild Steel Buried in Crude Oil polluted Soils on the Growth response of two maize (Zea Mays L.) Varieties
1Onwugbuta, G. C. and 2Orji, O. A.
1Department of Biochemistry/ Chemistry Technology, School of ScienceLaboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt
2Department of Crop/Soil Science, Rivers State University, Nkpolu, Port Harcourt
Corresponding Author: Orji, O.A.
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 12, Issue 1 Ver. I (January 2019), PP 10-16
Abstract:
This study reveals the effect of 300g of mild steel buried in different levels of crude oil( 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160ml ) polluted soils (3kg) on the growth response of two maize (ZeaMays L.) varieties. The plant height, leaf length, and leaf number were measured. There was a gradual increase in the growth parameters with age in soils with low levels (0, and 40ml) of treatment. The higher the treatment levels, the higher the corrosion of mild steel, and the higher the iron content in the soil. There was higher chlorosis and reduction in leaf size in the 160ml crude oil treatment in the white maize compared with the yellow maize. This could be as a result of the penetration of oil into the plant tissues and highly corroded and dissolved iron in the soil matrix. It was therefore, concluded that crude oil/ iron stress affected the growth of the maize plant varieties. However, the yellow maize variety showed higher degree of tolerance than the white maize variety in the three soils studied. It was also established that soils of the Coastal Plain Sands had higher resistance to metal corrosion and dissolution than those of the Sombriero Warri and Meander Belt Deposits
Physical Properties, Potentials And Vulnerability Of The Soils Of Sombreiro Warri Deltaic Plain, Nigeria
Kamalu O. J1. and Orji O. A.2
1Crop and Soil Science Department, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt P.M.B.5323 Port Harcourt
2Crop/Soil Science Department, Rivers State University Nkpolu-Oruworukwo, Port Harcourt
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 11, Issue 3 Ver. II (March 2018), PP 01-11
Abstract:
This paper evaluates the potentials and vulnerability of the Sombreiro Warri Deltaic Plain soils using physical properties. A total of 52 genetic horizon soil samples were studied in twelve soil profiles located in Akabuka, Obite, Obagi, Omoku, Okwuzi, Aggah and Umuoru-Ndoni areas. The soils have predominantly Loamy sand and sandy loam textures on the surface (about 80% of all the studied locations). Sand content had a range of 220 – 850g/kg with a mean of 515g/kg. Clay content in the area varied from 140 – 580g/kg, with a very gradual increase with depth in few pedons. The highest clay content was observed in the Umuoru / Ndoni 2 profile where clay had a range of 470 – 580g/kg followed by Umuoru/Ndoni 1 profile with a range of 210 – 270g/kg and a mean of 245g/kg. The range in particle density for the soils was 2.10 – 2.66gcm-3. The highest profile mean particle densities were 2.53, 2.50 and 2.43gcm-3 for Umuoru/Ndoni 2, Aggah 2 and Umuoru 1 respectively while the lowest mean values were Obite 1 (2.33), Akabuka 2 (2.33) and Obagi 1 (2.30gcm-3). About 50% of the soils had their particle density between 2.35 and 2.46gcm-3. The lowest mean values for different pedons were obtained in Umuoro/Ndoni, Obiafu and Aggah pedons with 1.38, 1.42, 1.43 and 1.44gcm-3 respectively while the highest relatively higher values of 1.61, 1.62 and 1.64gcm-3 were obtained in Obite 1, Obagi 1 and Obagi pedons respectively. Surface horizons generally had lower bulk density values in most of the pedons. Aggregation in macro aggregate fraction was high in Obagi II, Omoku 1 and Okwuzi. Aggregate stability was low with Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) of water stable aggregates of 1.64, 1.36, and 1.23mm for Obagi II, Omoku 1 and Okwuzi respectively. Topsoil and subsoil permeability were very slow ranging from 4.92cmhr-1 to 14.18cmhr-1. Mean soil permeability in the profiles were 4.81, 1.28, 8.66, 1.29 and 0.65cmhr-1 for Obite 1, Obrikom, Obagi 2 and Obuburu, respectively.
Keywords: Soil permeability, macro-porosity, Water stable aggregates, Water holding capacity, Soil Vulnerability